Bootstrap 导航栏

导航栏是一个很好的功能，是 Bootstrap 网站的一个突出特点。导航栏在您的应用或网站中作为导航页头的响应式基础组件。导航栏在移动设备的视图中是折叠的，随着可用视口宽度的增加，导航栏也会水平展开。在 Bootstrap 导航栏的核心中，导航栏包括了站点名称和基本的导航定义样式。

默认的导航栏

创建一个默认的导航栏的步骤如下：

• 向 <nav> 标签添加 class .navbar、.navbar-default。
• 向上面的元素添加 role=”navigation”，有助于增加可访问性。
• 向 <div> 元素添加一个标题 class .navbar-header，内部包含了带有 class navbar-brand 的 <a> 元素。这会让文本看起来更大一号。
• 为了向导航栏添加链接，只需要简单地添加带有 class .nav、.navbar-nav 的无序列表即可。

下面的实例演示了这点：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
active
“
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
iOS
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
SVN
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

响应式的导航栏

为了给导航栏添加响应式特性，您要折叠的内容必须包裹在带有 class .collapse、.navbar-collapse 的 <div> 中。折叠起来的导航栏实际上是一个带有 class .navbar-toggle 及两个 data- 元素的按钮。第一个是 data-toggle，用于告诉 JavaScript 需要对按钮做什么，第二个是 data-target，指示要切换到哪一个元素。三个带有 class .icon-bar 的 <span> 创建所谓的汉堡按钮。这些会切换为 .nav-collapse <div> 中的元素。为了实现以上这些功能，您必须包含 Bootstrap 折叠（Collapse）插件。

下面的实例演示了这点：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
button

type
=
“
button
“

class
=
“
navbar-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
collapse
“

data-target
=
“
#example-navbar-collapse
“
>

<
span

class
=
“
sr-only
“
>
切换导航
</
span
>

<
span

class
=
“
icon-bar
“
>
</
span
>

<
span

class
=
“
icon-bar
“
>
</
span
>

<
span

class
=
“
icon-bar
“
>
</
span
>

</
button
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div

class
=
“
collapse navbar-collapse
“

id
=
“
example-navbar-collapse
“
>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
active
“
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
iOS
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
SVN
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

导航栏中的表单

导航栏中的表单不是使用 Bootstrap 表单 章节中所讲到的默认的 class，它是使用 .navbar-form class。这确保了表单适当的垂直对齐和在较窄的视口中折叠的行为。使用对齐方式选项（这将在组件对齐方式部分进行详细讲解）来决定导航栏中的内容放置在哪里。

下面的实例演示了这点：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
form

class
=
“
navbar-form navbar-left
“

role
=
“
search
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
form-group
“
>

<
input

type
=
“
text
“

class
=
“
form-control
“

placeholder
=
“
Search
“
>

</
div
>

<
button

type
=
“
submit
“

class
=
“
btn btn-default
“
>
提交
</
button
>

</
form
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

导航栏中的按钮

您可以使用 class .navbar-btn 向不在 <form> 中的 <button> 元素添加按钮，按钮在导航栏上垂直居中。.navbar-btn 可被使用在 <a> 和 <input> 元素上。

不要在
.navbar-nav 内的 <a> 元素上使用
.navbar-btn，因为它不是标准的
button class。

下面的实例演示了这点：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<
form

class
=
“
navbar-form navbar-left
“

role
=
“
search
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
form-group
“
>

<
input

type
=
“
text
“

class
=
“
form-control
“

placeholder
=
“
Search
“
>

</
div
>

<
button

type
=
“
submit
“

class
=
“
btn btn-default
“
>
提交按钮
</
button
>

</
form
>

<
button

type
=
“
button
“

class
=
“
btn btn-default navbar-btn
“
>
导航栏按钮
</
button
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

导航栏中的文本

如果需要在导航中包含文本字符串，请使用 class .navbar-text。这通常与 <p> 标签一起使用，确保适当的前导和颜色。下面的实例演示了这点：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<
p

class
=
“
navbar-text
“
>
Runoob 用户登录
</
p
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

结合图标的导航链接

如果您想在常规的导航栏导航组件内使用图标，那么请使用 class glyphicon glyphicon-* 来设置图标，更多请查看 Bootstrap 图标 ，如下面的实例所示：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav navbar-right
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
<
span

class
=
“
glyphicon glyphicon-user
“
>
</
span
>
注册
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
<
span

class
=
“
glyphicon glyphicon-log-in
“
>
</
span
>
登录
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

组件对齐方式

您可以使用实用工具 class .navbar-left 或 .navbar-right 向左或向右对齐导航栏中的 导航链接、表单、按钮或文本 这些组件。这两个 class 都会在指定的方向上添加 CSS 浮动。下面的实例演示了这点：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<!–
向左对齐
–>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav navbar-left
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

<
form

class
=
“
navbar-form navbar-left
“

role
=
“
search
“
>

<
button

type
=
“
submit
“

class
=
“
btn btn-default
“
>
向左对齐-提交按钮
</
button
>

</
form
>

<
p

class
=
“
navbar-text navbar-left
“
>
向左对齐-文本
</
p
>

<!–
向右对齐
–>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav navbar-right
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

<
form

class
=
“
navbar-form navbar-right
“

role
=
“
search
“
>

<
button

type
=
“
submit
“

class
=
“
btn btn-default
“
>
向右对齐-提交按钮
</
button
>

</
form
>

<
p

class
=
“
navbar-text navbar-right
“
>
向右对齐-文本
</
p
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

固定到顶部

Bootstrap 导航栏可以动态定位。默认情况下，它是块级元素，它是基于在 HTML 中放置的位置定位的。通过一些帮助器类，您可以把它放置在页面的顶部或者底部，或者您可以让它成为随着页面一起滚动的静态导航栏。

如果您想要让导航栏固定在页面的顶部，请向 .navbar class 添加 class .navbar-fixed-top。下面的实例演示了这点：

为了防止导航栏与页面主体中的其他内容的顶部相交错，请向 <body> 标签添加至少 50 像素的内边距（padding），内边距的值可以根据您的需要进行设置。

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
active
“
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
iOS
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
SVN
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

固定到底部

如果您想要让导航栏固定在页面的底部，请向 .navbar class 添加 class .navbar-fixed-bottom。下面的实例演示了这点：

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-bottom
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
active
“
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
iOS
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
SVN
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

静态的顶部

如需创建能随着页面一起滚动的导航栏，请添加 .navbar-static-top class。该 class 不要求向 <body> 添加内边距（padding）。

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
active
“
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
iOS
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
SVN
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：

反色的导航栏

为了创建一个带有黑色背景白色文本的反色的导航栏，只需要简单地向 .navbar class 添加 .navbar-inverse class 即可，如下面的实例所示：

为了防止导航栏与页面主体中的其他内容的顶部相交错，请向 <body> 标签添加至少 50 像素的内边距（padding），内边距的值可以根据您的需要进行设置。

实例

<
nav

class
=
“
navbar navbar-inverse
“

role
=
“
navigation
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
container-fluid
“
>

<
div

class
=
“
navbar-header
“
>

<
a

class
=
“
navbar-brand
“

href
=
“
#
“
>
菜鸟教程
</
a
>

</
div
>

<
div
>

<
ul

class
=
“
nav navbar-nav
“
>

<
li

class
=
“
active
“
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
iOS
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
SVN
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
dropdown
“
>

<
a

href
=
“
#
“

class
=
“
dropdown-toggle
“

data-toggle
=
“
dropdown
“
>
Java
<
b

class
=
“
caret
“
>
</
b
>

</
a
>

<
ul

class
=
“
dropdown-menu
“
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
jmeter
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
EJB
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
Jasper Report
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

<
li

class
=
“
divider
“
>
</
li
>

<
li
>
<
a

href
=
“
#
“
>
另一个分离的链接
</
a
>
</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
li
>

</
ul
>

</
div
>

</
div
>

</
nav
>


尝试一下 »

结果如下所示：