1. MapReduce与mysql连接总结
应用场景:
在项目中会遇到输入结果集很大,但是输出结果很小,比如一些 pv、uv 数据,然后为了实时查询的需求,或者一些 OLAP 的需求,我们需要 mapreduce 与 mysql 进行数据的交互,而这些是 hbase 或者 hive 目前亟待改进的地方。
1.从mysql中
读数据:
Hadoop访问关系数据库主要通过一下接口实现的:DBInputFormat类,包所在位置:org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.db 中。DBInputFormat 在 Hadoop 应用程序中通过数据库供应商提供的 JDBC接口来与数据库进行交互,并且可以使用标准的 SQL 来读取数据库中的记录。学习DBInputFormat首先必须知道二个条件。
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在使用 DBInputFormat 之前,必须将要使用的 JDBC 驱动拷贝到分布式系统各个节点的$HADOOP_HOME/lib/目录下。
- MapReduce访问关系数据库时,大量频繁的从MapReduce程序中查询和读取数据,这大大的增加了数据库的访问负载,因此,DBInputFormat接口仅仅适合读取小数据量的数据,而不适合处理数据仓库。要处理数据仓库的方法有:利用数据库的Dump工具将大量待分析的数据输出为文本,并上传的Hdfs中进行处理,处理的方法可参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/liqizhou/archive/2012/05/15/2501835.html
写数据:
往往对于数据处理的结果的数据量一般不会太大,可能适合hadoop直接写入数据库中。hadoop提供了相应的数据库直接输出的计算发结果。
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- DBOutFormat: 提供数据库写入接口。
- DBRecordWriter:提供向数据库中写入的数据记录的接口。
- DBConfiguration:提供数据库配置和创建链接的接口
2.Hive常见命令
Hive导出查询内容: INSERT OVERWRITE LOCAL DIRECTORY '/tmp/result.txt' select id,name from t_test;
hive -e"select id,name from t_test;"> result.txt
连接hive的三种方式:
1.cli 本质上是每个连接都存放一个元数据,各个之间都不相同,不适合做产品的开发和应用
2.JDBC连接的方式,容易被大数据量冲挂,不稳定
3. 直接利用Hive的 Driver class 来直接连接 Driver driver = new Driver(new HiveConf(SessionState.class));
远程连接Hive
hive --service hiveserver -p 50000 &
打开50000端口,然后java就可以使用java连了,将所需的jar包做个标记
HQL结果直接导入mysql
1、首先下载mysql-connector-java jar包。
add jar /home/hadoop/hive-0.12.0/lib/hive-contrib-0.12.0.jar;
add jar /home/hadoop/hive-0.12.0/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar;
3、给指点方法弄个简称:
CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION dboutput AS 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.genericudf.example.GenericUDFDBOutput';
4、执行:
select dboutput('jdbc:mysql://localhost:port/dbname','db_username','db_pwd','INSERT INTO mysql_table(field1,field2,field3) VALUES (6,?,?)',substr(field_i,1,10),count(field_j)) from hive_table group by substr(field_i,1,10) limit 10;
问题:
发现总提示找不到org.apache.Hadoop.hive.contrib.genericudf.example.GenericUDFDBOutput
解决办法:
后来经过琢磨才弄明白org.apache.Hadoop.hive.contrib.genericudf.example.GenericUDFDBOutput部分自己要去编写,编写后打成jar包 用add jar添加进去就可以了。
Python连接Hive
import sysfrom hive_service import ThriftHivefrom hive_service.ttypes import HiveServerExceptionfrom thrift import Thriftfrom thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.transport import TTransportfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocoltry: transport = TSocket.TSocket('192.168.30.201', 10000) transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport) protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport) client = ThriftHive.Client(protocol) transport.open() hql = '''CREATE TABLE people(a STRING, b INT, c DOUBLE) row format delimited fields terminated by ',' ''' print hql client.execute(hql) client.execute("LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/diver/data.txt' INTO TABLE people") #client.execute("SELECT * FROM people") #while (1): # row = client.fetchOne() # if (row == None): # break # print row client.execute("SELECT count(*) FROM people") print client.fetchAll() transport.close()except Thrift.TException, tx: print '%s' % (tx.message)
#!/usr/bin/python#-*-coding:UTF-8 -*-import sysimport osimport stringimport reimport MySQLdbfrom hive_service import ThriftHivefrom hive_service.ttypes import HiveServerExceptionfrom thrift import Thriftfrom thrift.transport import TSocketfrom thrift.transport import TTransportfrom thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocoldef hiveExe(hsql,dbname):#定义hive查询函数 try: transport = TSocket.TSocket('192.168.10.1', 10000) transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport) protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport) client = ThriftHive.Client(protocol) transport.open() client.execute('ADD jar /opt/modules/hive/hive-0.7.1/lib/hive-contrib-0.7.1.jar') client.execute("use "+dbname) row = client.fetchOne() #使用库名,只需一次fetch,用fetchOne client.execute(hsql) return client.fetchAll() #查询所有数据,用fetchAll() transport.close() except Thrift.TException, tx: print '%s' % (tx.message)def mysqlExe(sql): try: conn = MySQLdb.connect(user="test",passwd="test123",host="127.0.0.1",db="active2_ip",port=5029) except Exception,data: print "Could not connect to MySQL server.:",data try: cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute(sql) return row cursor.commit() cursor.close() conn.close() except Exception,data: print "Could not Fetch anything:",datadbname = "active2"date = os.popen("date -d '1 day ago' +%Y%m%d").read().strip()#shell方式取昨天日期,读取并去前后\ndate.close()sql = "create table IF NOT EXISTS "+dbname+"_group_ip_"+date+" like "+dbname+"_group_ip;load data infile '/tmp/"+dbname+"_"+date+".csv' into table "+dbname+"_group_ip_"+date+" FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','"#以模板表创建日期表,并load data到该表中hsql = "insert overwrite local directory '/tmp/"+dbname+"_"+date+"' select count(version) as vc,stat_hour,type,version,province,city,isp from "+dbname+"_"+date+" group by province,city,version,type,stat_hour,isp"#hive查询,并将查询结果导出到本地/tmp/active2_20111129目录下,可能生成多个文件hiveExe(hsql, dbname)#执行查询os.system("sudo cat /tmp/"+dbname+"_"+date+"/* > /tmp/tmplog ")#将多个文件通过shell合并为一个文件tmplogfile1 = open("/tmp/tmplog", 'r')#打开合并后的临时文件file2 = open("/tmp/"+dbname+"_"+date+".csv",'w')#打开另一个文件,做文字替换。因为hive导出结果,其分隔符为特殊字符。所以需要做替换,格式为csv,故用逗号分隔sep = ','for line in file1: tmp = line[:-1].split('\x01') #hive导出文件分隔符为ascii中的001,\x01是16进制,但其实也就是十进制的1 replace = sep.join(tmp) file2.write(replace+"\n")file1.close()file2.close()os.system("sudo rm -f /tmp/tmplog")#删除临时的tmplogmysqlExe(sql)#执行mysql查询,创建表和加载数据。os.system("sudo rm -f /tmp/"+dbname+"_"+date)
Thrift是Apache的一个开源的跨语言服务开发框架,它提供了一个代码生成引擎来构建服务,支持C++,Java,Python,PHP,Ruby,Erlang,Perl,Haskell,C#,Cocoa,JavaScript,Node.js,Smalltalk,OCaml,Delphi等多种编程语言。
一般来说,使用Thrift来开发应用程序,主要建立在两种场景下:
- 第一,在我们开发过程中,一个比较大的项目需要多个团队进行协作,而每个团队的成员在编程技术方面的技能可能不一定相同,为了实现这种跨语言的开发氛围,使用Thrift来构建服务
- 第二,企业之间合作,在业务上不可避免出现跨语言的编程环境,使用Thrift可以达到类似Web Services的跨平台的特性
Python就是用Thrift来连接Hive的
#!/bin/sh# 一键安装thrift-0.9.0的脚本# thrift依赖boost、openssl和libevent# 下面的变量值可以根据实现做修改PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/iflow # 项目源码主目录# thrift及依赖的第三方库源码包存放目录和安装目录,# 一键脚本要和第三方库源码包放在同一个目录下THIRD_PARTY_HOME=$PROJECT_HOME/third-partyboost=boost_1_52_0openssl=openssl-1.0.1clibevent=libevent-2.0.19-stablethrift=thrift-0.9.0## 安装boost#printf "n33[0;32;34minstalling boost33[mn"tar xzf $boost.tar.gzcd $boost./bootstrap.shif test $? -ne 0; thenexit 1fi./b2 install --prefix=$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/boostprintf "n33[0;32;34m./b2 install return $?33[mn"cd -## 安装openssl#printf "n33[0;32;34minstalling openssl33[mn"tar xzf $openssl.tar.gzcd $openssl./config --prefix=$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/openssl shared threadsif test $? -ne 0; thenexit 1fimakeif test $? -ne 0; thenexit 1fimake installcd -## 安装libevent#printf "n33[0;32;34minstalling libevent33[mn"tar xzf $libevent.tar.gzcd $libevent./configure --prefix=$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/libeventif test $? -ne 0; thenexit 1fimakeif test $? -ne 0; thenexit 1fimake installcd -## 安装thrift#printf "n33[0;32;34minstalling thrift33[mn"tar xzf $thrift.tar.gzcd $thrift# 按照常规的configure,使用--with-openssl,会遇到# “Error: libcrypto required.”错误,这里使用CPPFLAGS和LDFLAGS替代./configure --prefix=$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/thrift --with-boost=$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/boost --with-libevent=$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/libevent CPPFLAGS="-I$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/openssl/include" LDFLAGS="-ldl -L$THIRD_PARTY_HOME/openssl/lib" --with-qt4=no --with-c_glib=no --with-csharp=no --with-java=no --with-erlang=no --with-python=no --with-perl=no --with-ruby=no --with-haskell=no --with-go=no --with-d=noif test $? -ne 0; thenexit 1fi# 完成上述修改后,configure可以成功了,但还需要下面修改,# 否则make时会报malloc未声明sed -i -e 's!#define HAVE_MALLOC 0!#define HAVE_MALLOC 1!' config.hsed -i -e 's!#define HAVE_REALLOC 0!#define HAVE_REALLOC 1!' config.hsed -i -e 's!#define malloc rpl_malloc!/*#define malloc rpl_malloc*/!' config.hsed -i -e 's!#define realloc rpl_realloc!/*#define realloc rpl_realloc*/!' config.hmakeif test $? -ne 0; thenexit 1fimake installcd -# 安装成功提示一下printf "n33[0;32;34minstall SUCCESS33[mn"
hive的结果导入到mysql报错 参考 Hiveserver和Hiveserver2的区别
1、sqoop依赖zookeeper所以必须配置ZOOKEEPER_HOME到环境变量中。
2、sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4依赖hadoop-core-0.20.2-CDH3B4.jar所以你需要下载hadoop-0.20.2-CDH3B4.tar.gz解压缩后将hadoop-0.20.2-CDH3B4/hadoop-core-0.20.2-CDH3B4.jar复制到sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/lib中。
3、sqoop导入mysql数据运行过程中依赖mysql-connector-java-.jar所以你需要下载mysql-connector-java-.jar并复制到sqoop-1.2.0-CDH3B4/lib中。
利用udf函数将Hive统计结果直接插入到MySQL
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-04/82878.htm
Python脚本将Hive的结果保存到MySQL
http://pslff.diandian.com/post ... 08648
hive的insert操作小结 分区及导出
insert 语法格式为:1. 基本的插入语法:insert overwrite table tablename [partition(partcol1=val1,partclo2=val2)] select_statement;insert into table tablename [partition(partcol1=val1,partclo2=val2)] select_statement;eg:insert overwrite table test_insert select * from test_table;insert into table test_insert select * from test_table;注:overwrite重写,into追加。2. 对多个表进行插入操作:from source_tableinsert overwrite table tablename1 [partition (partcol1=val1,partclo2=val2)] select_statement1insert overwrite table tablename2 [partition (partcol1=val1,partclo2=val2)] select_statement2eg:from test_table insert overwrite table test_insert1 select keyinsert overwrite table test_insert2select value;注:hive不支持用insert语句一条一条的进行插入操作,也不支持update操作。数据是以load的方式加载到建立好的表中,数据一旦导入就不可以修改。2.通过查询将数据保存到filesysteminsert overwrite [local] directory 'directory' select_statement;eg:(1)导入数据到本地目录:insert overwrite local directory '/home/hadoop/data' select * from test_insert1;产生的文件会覆盖指定目录中的其他文件,即将目录中已经存在的文件进行删除。只能用overwrite,into错误!(2)导出数据到HDFS中:insert overwrite directory '/user/hive/warehouse/table' select value from test_table;只能用overwrite,into错误!(3)同一个查询结果可以同时插入到多个表或者多个目录中:from source_tableinsert overwrite local directory '/home/hadoop/data' select * insert overwrite directory '/user/hive/warehouse/table' select value;3. 小结:(1)insert命令主要用于将hive中的数据导出,导出的目的地可以是hdfs或本地filesysytem,导入什么数据在于书写的select语句。(2)overwrite与into:insert overwrite/into table 可以搭配;insert overwrite directory 可以搭配;
Hive的安装详解 重在思路 Beeline
向前看,其实很多人都也只是接触的那些,看谁更有远见,才能抄近路,数据不在大小,关键在于价值
1.安装yum install hive相关包hive相关包如下:hive – base package that provides the complete language and runtime (required)hive-metastore – provides scripts for running the metastore as a standalone service (optional)hive-server – provides scripts for running the original HiveServer as a standalone service (optional)hive-server2 – provides scripts for running the new HiveServer2 as a standalone service (optional)2.配置MySQL作为hive元数据库1)创建数据库$ mysql -u root -pEnter password:mysql> CREATE DATABASE metastore;mysql> USE metastore;mysql> SOURCE /usr/lib/hive/scripts/metastore/upgrade/mysql/hive-schema-0.10.0.mysql.sql;2)创建用户/分配权限mysql> CREATE USER ‘hive’@’metastorehost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mypassword';…mysql> REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM ‘hive’@’metastorehost';mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,LOCK TABLES,EXECUTE ON metastore.* TO ‘hive’@’metastorehost';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;mysql> quit;3.配置hive-site.xmla)基础配置(配置为远程模式)<property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.52:3306/metastore</value> <description>the URL of the MySQL database</description></property><property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value></property><property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name> <value>hive</value></property><property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name> <value>hive</value></property><property> <name>datanucleus.autoCreateSchema</name> <value>false</value></property><property> <name>datanucleus.fixedDatastore</name> <value>true</value></property><property> <name>datanucleus.autoStartMechanism</name> <value>SchemaTable</value></property><property> <name>hive.metastore.uris</name> <value>thrift://192.168.1.57:9083</value> <description>IP address (or fully-qualified domain name) and port of the metastore host</description></property>其中hive.metastore.uris配置表明使用第三种方式(远程模式)使用hive。注意:hive.metastore.local在hive0.10后不必须配置,如果配置了上面的参数。4.配置使用hiveserver2在hive-site.xml中配置下面选项: <property> <name>hive.support.concurrency</name> <description>Enable Hive's Table Lock Manager Service</description> <value>true</value></property><property> <name>hive.zookeeper.quorum</name> <description>Zookeeper quorum used by Hive's Table Lock Manager</description> <value>zk1.myco.com,zk2.myco.com,zk3.myco.com</value></property>注意:没用配置hive.zookeeper.quorum会导致无法并发执行hive ql请求和导致数据异常Enabling the Table Lock Manager without specifying a list of valid Zookeeper quorum nodes will result in unpredictable behavior. Make sure that both properties are properly configured.5.安装Zookeeper由于hiveserver2的表锁管理器需要依赖Zookeeper,因此需要安装Zookeeper启动Zookeeper,详情可以参看文章“Zookeeper安装”启动集群的Zookeeper,如果Zookeeper不是默认的端口,则需要显示配置参数:hive.zookeeper.client.port。6启动服务1)启动hive-metastore启动metadata服务:sudo service hive-metastore start 或者:hive –service metastore启动后的端口默认为90832)启动hive-server2启动hiveserver2:sudo service hive-server2 start3)测试使用beeline控制台连接hive-server2:/usr/bin/beeline>!connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 -n hive -p hive org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver执行,show tables等命令查看结果。附1:beeline参数Usage: java org.apache.hive.cli.beeline.BeeLine -u the JDBC URL to connect to -n the username to connect as -p the password to connect as -d the driver class to use -e query that should be executed -f script file that should be executed --color=[true/false] control whether color is used for display --showHeader=[true/false] show column names in query results --headerInterval=ROWS; the interval between which heades are displayed --fastConnect=[true/false] skip building table/column list for tab-completion比较有用的参数:–fastConnect=true Building list of tables and columns for tab-completion (set fastconnect to true to skip)…(确实有效)–isolation 设置事务的隔离级别例子:执行sql语句方式:beeline -u jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 -n hdfs -p hdfs -e “show tables”执行sql文件方式:beeline -u jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 -n hdfs -p hdfs -f hiveql_test.sql附录2:hive-server1和hive-server2的区别Hiveserver1 和hiveserver2的JDBC区别:HiveServer version Connection URL Driver ClassHiveServer2 jdbc:hive2://: org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriverHiveServer1 jdbc:hive://: org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver
还没有人抢沙发呢~